Boiling Point Elevation Example Problem

This example problem demonstrates how to calculate boiling point elevation caused by adding salt to water. When salt is added to water, the sodium chloride separates into sodium ions and chloride ions. The premise of boiling point elevation is that the added particles raise the temperature needed to bring water to its boiling point. The extra particles interfere with the interactions between solvent molecules (water, in this case). Boiling Point Elevation Problem 31.65 g of sodium chloride is added to 220.0 mL of water at 34  °C. How will this affect the boiling point of the water? Assume the sodium chloride completely dissociates in the water. Given:density of water at 35  °C 0.994 g/mLKb water 0.51  °C kg/mol Solution To find the temperature change elevation of a solvent by a solute, use the equation:ΔT iKbmwhere:ΔT Change in temperature in  °Ci vant Hoff factorKb molal boiling point elevation constant in  °C kg/molm molality of the solute in mol solute/kg solvent Step 1. Calculate the Molality of the NaCl molality (m) of NaCl moles of NaCl/kg water From the periodic table: atomic mass Na 22.99atomic mass Cl 35.45moles of NaCl 31.65 g x 1 mol/(22.99 35.45)moles of NaCl 31.65 g x 1 mol/58.44 gmoles of NaCl 0.542 molkg water density x volumekg water 0.994 g/mL x 220 mL x 1 kg/1000 gkg water 0.219 kgmNaCl moles of NaCl/kg watermNaCl 0.542 mol/0.219 kgmNaCl 2.477 mol/kg Step 2. Determine the Van t Hoff Factor The vant Hoff factor, i, is a constant associated with the amount of dissociation of the solute in the solvent. For substances which do not dissociate in water, such as sugar, i 1. For solutes that completely dissociate into two ions, i 2. For this example, NaCl completely dissociates into the two ions, Na and Cl-. Therefore, here, i 2. Step 3. Find ΔT ΔT iKbmΔT 2 x 0.51  °C kg/mol x 2.477 mol/kgΔT 2.53  °C Answer Adding 31.65 g of NaCl to 220.0 mL of water will raise the boiling point by 2.53  °C. Boiling point elevation is a colligative property of matter. That is, it depends on the number of particles in a solution and not their chemical identity. Another important colligative property is freezing point depression.

Analysis Of Purple Hibiscus By Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie...

Comparison Essay Rough Draft Nigeria and Afghanistan are two very different Nations, on different continents, with different languages, but no matter where you are from everyone grew up somewhere, and kids of every nation grow up the same as everyone else. Growing up in a certain environment can lead to different personalities and traits, kids with an overly controlled childhood can become ignorant of the real world, and kids who grow up spoiled don t learn to do things on their own. In both Purple Hibiscus by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini the main character, Amir and Kambili respectively, both show great development and change over the course of the Novels, they both change in their self-perception, how they handle themselves and interact with others, and how they utilize faith. Over the course of the book each character grew into their own and changing entirely their self-perception, and how they act based on self-perception. At the beginning of the kite runner Amir sees himself as weak, and as a coward, when Haasan is being raped Amir goes through an internal conflict, â€Å"I had one last chance to make a decision. One final opportunity to decide who i was going to be. I could step into that alley,stand up for hassan, †¦ or i could run. In the end i ran.† (Hosseini 77 ). This shows how as a child near the beginning of the book Amir was a coward who didn t think he could change what was happening in the alley. It also showed how he

French Indefinite Relative Pronouns

Just as in English, a relative pronoun links a relative clause to a main clause. This is true for both relative pronouns and indefinite relative pronouns. The difference is that regular relative pronouns have a specific antecedent, but indefinite relative pronouns do not. If you dont understand relative pronouns, I highly recommend that you go back to that lesson before studying this one. There are four* French indefinite relative pronouns; each form is used only in a particular structure, as summarized here. Note that theres no one-to-one equivalent for these words - depending on context, the English translation may be what or which: Subject ce qui   what Direct object ce que/qu   what Object of de** ce dont  Ã‚  which, what Object of a preposition** quoi  Ã‚  which, what *Theres a fifth indefinite relative pronoun, quiconque, but it is rare and complicated, so I address it in a separate lesson. **Remember that French verbs often require different prepositions than English verbs, so you really need to be careful with ce dont and quoi - its not always obvious which one is correct. When there is no preposition, of course, you use ce que. Note that when the pronoun tout is used with indefinite relative pronouns, it changes the meaning to everything or all. Ce qui serves as the subject of a relative clause and takes the il form of the verb.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ce qui mintà ©resse, cest la langue.What interests me is language.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Sais-tu ce qui lui plaà ®t?Do you know what pleases him?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest ce qui me dà ©range.Thats what bothers me.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Tout ce qui  brille nest pas or.All that glitters is not gold. Ce que is used as the indefinite direct object in a relative clause.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ce que je veux, cest à ªtre trilingue.What I want is to be trilingual.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Sais-tu ce que Pierre a fait ?Do you know what Pierre did?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest ce que je dà ©teste.Thats what I hate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Tout ce quil à ©crit est amusant.Everything he writes is funny. Ce dont is used as the object of the preposition de.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ce dont jai besoin, cest un bon dico.What I need is a good dictionary.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Sais-tu ce dont Luc parle ?Do you know what Pierre is talking about?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest ce dont je me souviens.Thats what I remember.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai tout ce dont jai envie.I have everything I want. Quoi is the object of any preposition except de.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Sais-tu à   quoi il pense ?Do you know what hes thinking about?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai à ©tudià ©, aprà ¨s quoi jai lu.I studied, after which I read.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Avec quoi à ©crit-il ?What is he writing with?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ce à   quoi je mattends, cest une invitation.***What Im waiting for is an invitation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest ce à   quoi Chantal rà ªve.***Thats what Chantal dreams about. ***When à   quoi is at the beginning of a clause or follows cest, the word ce is placed in front of it (ce à   quoi).

Save A Deer, Stuff A Hunter - 830 Words

Kyley Catalano 9 September 2016 Vernado: English 1023 #1 Persuasion Save a Deer, Stuff a Hunter â€Å"Trophy hunting is defined as the killing of wild animals for their body parts, such as head and hide, for display but not primarily for food or sustenance† (The Humane Society of The United States). Around the world, between 2005 and 2014, more than 1.6 million animals killed from trophy hunting were imported into the United States. In total, that adds up to 126,000 ‘trophies’ every single year. Among these kills, the most popular trophies include: lions, African elephants, African leopards, Southern white rhinos, African buffalo, and many more species. Not only are these animals killed in unsettling amounts each and every day, but most of these species are almost to the point of extinction. While trophy hunting generates important revenue, it does not conserve the environment, it disrupts the ecosystem, and goes against the Circle of Life. Across the globe, supporters of this immortal act fight to keep the ‘sport’ go ing. A hunt that cost 350,000 dollars a person was held in Namibia to kill one of the most endangered species of black rhinos. This slaughter was allowed by the government because it was said to be a fundraiser. People try justifying trophy hunting by saying it is a vital source of revenue for impoverished countries. However, the reality of it is, while wealthy pay big bucks to kill our planets rarest and most beautiful creatures, a child in Africa dies due toShow MoreRelatedHunting Is Morally Wrong?1285 Words   |  6 PagesHunting is an activity that involves a person attempting to kill or trap an animal. Hunting is mainly done to animals in the wildlife and often in cases are used for food, clothing, recreation or trade. In my opinion hunting is morally wrong. Hunters cause injuries, make animals go through a lot of pain and suffering. They destroy their families and habitat, and leave helpless and scared baby animals that are dependent on the animals they hunt, behind to starve to death. A lot of state wildlifeRead MoreEssay on Wonderment and Awe: the Way of the Kami4711 Words   |  19 Pagesa power shift in the growing conflict between the natural world and newly industrialised humans. And so, it was the time when humans declared war on the kamigami, the wild gods. Miyazaki comments: I think that the Japanese did kill shishigami [Deer God] around the time of the Muromachi era. And then we stopped being in awe of forests†¦ From ancient times up to a certain time in the medieval period, there was a boundary beyond which humans should not enter. Within this boundary was our territoryRead MoreVarian Solution153645 Words   |  615 Pages10 20 30 40 Avocados (d) Does Mary have convex preferences? Yes. 3.10 (2) Ralph Rigid likes to eat lunch at 12 noon. However, he also likes to save money so he can buy other consumption goods by attending the â€Å"early bird specials† and â€Å"late lunchers† promoted by his local diner. Ralph has 15 dollars a day to spend on lunch and other stuï ¬â‚¬. Lunch at noon costs $5. If he delays his lunch until t hours after noon, he is able to buy his lunch for a price of $5 − t. Similarly if he eats his lunchRead MoreEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 PagesRahj, Patrick muttered. We collect Japanese memorabilia and you read thick books about bile and excrement. Theyre books about the digestive system, jackass. You just keep talking and see what happens if I become the only doctor who is able to save your life. Yeah, yeah. You decided which school youre going into? Lucas asked. Im going to the University of Ottawa, Rahj answered. Ah, just like my dad did, Thomas added. That means youre on the right track, Rahj, DuncanRead MoreVampire Diaries61771 Words   |  248 Pageslong years out and starting afresh, today. Stefan realized he was still holding the rabbit. Gently, he laid it down on the bed of brown oak leaves. Far away, too far for human ears to pick up, he recognized the noises of a fox. Come along, brother hunter, he thought sadly. Your breakfast is waiting. As he slung his jacket over his shoulder, he noticed the crow that had disturbed him earlier. It was still perched in the oak tree, and it seemed to be watching him. There was a wrongness about itRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesby accident; sometimes they are made in illogical ways, such as by following a horoscope. In the long run, however, statistics show that the smart money is on logical reasoners. Logical reasoning pays. When the expert says, Hey, dont drink that stuff; it could kill you, the logical reasoner will defer to the expert and put down the cup. The irrational thinker will think, Experts have been wrong in the past; Im drinking anyway. Everyone knows that the best decisions are based on facts, but

Determination of the Fundamental Electronic Charge Free Essays

ELECTROLOYSIS OF WATER: DETERMINATION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL ELECTRONIC CHARGE PURPOSE: The fundamental electronic charge of water will be determined. A system of collecting the formation of H2 and O2 using two inverted glass collections tubes and a 1-L beaker filled with water will be setup. An electrolyte (H2SO4) will be added to water to make it an electrical conductor. We will write a custom essay sample on Determination of the Fundamental Electronic Charge or any similar topic only for you Order Now A small amount of electricity will be applied to the water (roughly 400 mA) to oxidize the oxygen and reduce the hydrogen at the same time. The molecular hydrogen and oxygen gases produced will be trapped in the separated, inverted tubes so that their volumes can be measured. In comparing the volume of gases produced, applying Dalton’s Law and the Ideal Gas Equation along with the application of the stoichiometric ratio between the electron and the gases, the fundamental electronic charge will be determined. THEORY H+ ions will join together at the cathode (the negative electrode) to produce H Atoms, and the H atoms will join to form molecules of H2 gas. At the positive electrode (the anode), H20 molecules will decompose to replace the H+ ions lost and release O2 gas. The reactions appear below. H+(aq) + 2e- — H2(g) Reduction (at the cathode) 2H20(l) — 4H+(aq) + O2(g) + 4e-Oxidation (at the anode) The volume of H2 and O2 will be directly proportional to the time and current applied to the system. This will provide the number of electrons consumed on a stoichiometric ratio as follows: 1 H2(g) to 2 e-Reduction (at the cathode)(1) 1 O2(g) to 4 e-Oxidation (at the anode)(2) The moles of electrons can be expressed as a rearrangement of the Ideal Gas Equation: Ne = PV/RT(3) Where P = pressure in atm, V = volume in L, R = Gas Constant of 0. 08206 atm mol-1 K-1 and T = temperature in Kelvin The actual electronic charge of water will be calculated as follows: e- = it/NeNx the stoichiometric ratio (1) or (2) above Where i = current in amps, t = time in seconds, Ne = moles of electrons passing through the circuit from equation (3) and N = Avogadro’s number. The actual electronic charge will be compared to the theoretical charge of 1. 603Ãâ€"10-19 Coulombs. 1. Convert height of the solution into mm Hg to get the hydrostatic pressure (pressure due to the liquid left in the gas collection tube): height of solution x density of solution density of mercury 2. tmospheric pressure in the room – hydrostatic pressure = Ptotal (total pressure exerted by the gas trapped in the gas collection tubes) 3. a)Ptotal (total pressure) = PH2 + PH20or Ptotal = PO2 + PH20 b) PH2 = Ptotal – PH20 c)PH2 / 760 = Patm (Pressure) 4. Ne = PV/RT 5. e- = it/NeNx the stoichiometric ratio | | Run 1| Run1| | Run 2| Run 2| | | – (cathode)| + (anode)| | – (cathode)| + (ano de)| | | Tube 2| Tube 1| | Tube 2| Tube 1| | | H2| O2| | H2| O2| Run Time in seconds|   | 987. 13| 987. 13| | 1102. 82| 1102. 82| Average Current|   | 0. 303| 0. 303| | 0. 277| A| Height of Solution| Hsol mm| 400. | 325. 0 | | 81. 5 | 314. 2 | Volume of gas produced| Vgas (mL)| 40. 10 | 19. 72 | | 40. 10 | 19. 80 |   | Vgas (L)| 0. 04010 | 0. 01972 | | 0. 04010 | 0. 01980 | Temperature of solution| C| 24. 0 | 24. 0 | | 25. 6 | 25. 6 |   | Kelvin| 297. 15 | 297. 15 | | 298. 75 | 298. 75 | Vapour pressure of water | mm Hg| 22. 377 | 22. 377 | | 24. 617 | 24. 617 | Atmospheric pressure| Patm mm Hg| 770. 50 | 770. 50 | | 770. 50 | 770. 50 |   | Patm| 0. 94567 | 0. 95293 | | 0. 97354 | 0. 95103 | hhg hydrostatic pressure (mm Hg)|   | 29. 41 | 23. 90 | | 5. 99 | 23. 0 | Ptotal (mm Hg) in the tube|   | 741. 09 | 746. 60 | | 764. 51 | 747. 40 | PH2 (mm Hg)|   | 718. 71 |   | | 739. 89 |   | PO2 (mm Hg)|   |   | 724. 23 | |   | 722. 78 | | | | | | | | moles gas n (r earranged Ideal Gas Equation) Ne = PV/RT| 0. 001555 | 0. 0007707 | | 0. 001592 | 0. 0007681 | e- = it/NeN|   | 3. 194E-19| 6. 445E-19| | 3. 185E-19| 6. 604E-19| stoichiometric ratio| Final| 1. 597E-19| 1. 611E-19| | 1. 593E-19| 1. 651E-19| | theoretical| 1. 603E-19| 1. 603E-19| | 1. 603E-19| 1. 603E-19| | Difference| -6. 193E-22| 8. 166E-22| | -1. 028E-21| 4. 801E-21| | % Error| -0. 4%| 0. 5%| | -0. 6%| 3. 0%| How to cite Determination of the Fundamental Electronic Charge, Essay examples

Globalization from Sociological Perspective

Question: Describe about the Globalization from Sociological Perspective. Answer: 1.Three ways- what are they? What are their features? The globalization has many facets and the different schools of sociology focus on them in either positive or negative light. The sociological approach differs from one school to another and they can be categorized in three main varieties. These are based on the positive, negative and neutral views on the changes wrought in the sociological order. The schools that see the globalization in positive light are called the hyper globalists. The ones who focus on the negative perspectives of the globalizations are called the sceptical. The ones who view it as an unstoppable change neither positive nor negative are called the transformationalist. Therefore, according to Macionis and Plummer (2012) these three ways are the basic features of the different sociological approaches that differ in their opinions and features and focus on globalization. 2. According to Macionis Plummer some people embrace the term globalisation and some are its critics, summarise these views. This perspective is the view that sees globalization as a positive change in the sociological dynamics of the world. According to Macionis and Plummer (2012), the features of this school of thought are that they see the globalization as an unstoppable positive force and the benefits of the global economy over the limited ones that are imposed upon the citizens of the different nation states. This school of thought predicts the demise of nation states as more and more of the economic boundaries set by the nation states are being destroyed by the inclusion of the different nation states in the global economy (Nash, 2000). As for the benefits and downfalls of the approach, the hyper globalist support the thought that some countries will benefit more than the others in this new economic structure but even the losers in scenario according to them will be better off that they were before as all countries will have competitive advantage over the others in some way and no matter how insignificant it is, it will benefit them in the long run (Macionis and Plummer, 2012). According to Held and McGrew (2003) the sceptical have cause to worry as the new order of society rising from the globalization is more fragmented and regionalised and in one way no different than before. Only the boundaries are being redefined in this approach. In their opinion the golden age of globalization is long past and the current approach is a general regionalization at best (Macionis and Plummer, 2012). The example is given by them is the third world and their exploitation which is becoming even more marginalised in the new economic structure. 3. What, according to Cohen, is a moral panic? The globalization approach is based on the global capitalism which is defined by the rise of multinational corporations but this statement is also disputed by the sceptical (Macionis and Plummer, 2012). In their opinion the multinational corporations and their benefits are tied closely to their home states and their benefits gained from other regions provide more support for their home states than the others. 4. What is social epidemiology? Social epidemiology is the branch of epidemiology that defines the determinants of the effect of social structure on the health of the population. This is the connection between social conditions in a specific society and the health of the society where the reasons of a specific health condition can be determined by the social condition and other factors (Macionis and Plummer 2012). 5. What is the difference between absolute poverty and relative poverty? The absolute poverty is based on the absolute level and does not depend on the level of income in the society and this remains the same for all the countries and does not change over time. The relative poverty, on the other hand is determined by comparing the average wealth or income of the society and below that level by a set margin is caller relative poverty (Macionis and Plummer 2012). This relative poverty is different for different societies as the level of income and social standard is different in different locations and also change over time. 6.What is environmental racism? Environmental racism is based on the economic condition of the people and the definition says that the title is self-explanatory. This kind of racism does not degrade or take away rights of the people of a particular group. They are forced by the economic conditions to live in environmentally degrading conditions and the effect is evident on their health. As per the opinion of Macionis and Plummer (2012), this type of racism is based on the forcing people through economic means to deprive them of their rights to live in a healthy environment so this is compared with racism. References Banchoff, T. (2008). Religious pluralism, globalization, and world politics. New York: Oxford University Press. Held, D. and McGrew, A. (2003). The global transformations reader. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. Macionis J.Plummer K, (2012) Sociology: A Global introduction,5th edition Education, Essex Kingdom Macionis, J. and Plummer, K. (2012). Sociology. Harlow, England: Pearson/Prentice Hall.

Research Population

Question: What is Research Popuation? Explain. Answer: Research population is the target population on which a study or research is conducted through various different methods in order to reach a conclusion from the data generated. It is for the benefit of the population directly or indirectly. But, due to very large size of research population, it is not feasible to test all the individuals of the population since it will take too much time and will be expensive as well. So the researchers take few individuals from the research population (a subset of the set of target population) using sampling techniques. These techniques help to take a sample as per the requirements of the type of research that is to be conducted (Boyd, 2015). The research population has some common characteristics that bind them together. There are various sources from which a sample is created. A set of all these sources is called a Sampling frame from which the sample is selected. With the help of sampling frames, researchers are able to select the sample populati on from the target population that will be tested in the research or survey (StatPac Inc., 2014). A sampling frame should have the following characteristics:Completeness: A frame should be complete in a sense that all the individuals of the target population should be covered in the frame. In case we are missing some of the individuals, the result will not be accurate and it will become pointless to waste time and resources on that research. For example, a survey is to be conducted on the number of children born in a particular area in a particular time period and we are counting only the ones which are born in some medical facilities. Then there can be chances that some are born at home or somewhere else but not a medical facility. So in such a case, these children will not be part of the sample and hence the results will be different from what it should be. Also, there can be another kind of inadequate coverage, which poses problems for the surveys in which all the target populati on is considered from which the sample is to be taken, but some of the population may not be in town at that time of survey and so the data collected will be inadequate. For example, if some country wants to have a national survey of all the house holds, but the team doing it is not considering the ones who are living in some institutions, boat houses or nomads. So, more frames are required to cover these people also inorder to get proper data for analysis. Accuracy: to err is to human. It is a well known saying that humans do mistakes and its a very natural tendency. We want our frame to be accurate, based on which our whole survey is based. Both trends have shown that mistakes are more in frames than in survey. A frame should include all the elements of the target population and there should be no repetition. For example, if we are listing all the organizations with 100 + employees, than any entry with 99 employees will be wrong. Also, all the organizations with 100+ should be in list without missing anyone (Royal Geographical Society, 2016). Current frame: This characteristic is very important for a frame because only then a frame is able to fulfill the characteristics of accuracy and completeness. In case a frame is obsolete, that means that the data will be out dated and the information gathered from it is obsolete as well. The best example of such a frame is one done for population census. There is every probability that new residents have come due to new construction or may be some people have migrated to other places. So, the data can give no useful information on the current population of the place. Categories of frames used in sampling Area frames: An area sampling frame, countrys geographical units are arranged hierarchically. The hierarchy can be in a order like country, state, district, village, ward, block etc. They can also be further subdivided as area leaders (Kruse, 2009). For the purpose of the survey, some important characteristics required are: The entire land of the area where survey will be conducted should be covered. Boundaries should be well defined. Some population figures should be available for the research. At times when national survey is done, coverage of the total land of the nations geographic area is vital. Only then researchers will be able to do authentic surveys based on it. Also, well marked boundaries will bring immense help to create genuine data (Buskirk, 2016). Whenever an area frame is to be generated, the starting is from the household surveys that leads to the nations population census. EAs are formed to more subdivide the area for the convenience of the survey takers An area f rame is nothing but a list of all the elements of that area under survey. Because, it starts with making a list of different units in a population which are required in case of survey samples. List frames. A list frame, as its name suggests has a list of the research population. In every country, there is a list of household surveys which is made when a census is taken. It contains a list of all the households of that country which are arranged geographically as discussed above . When a recent census is done, it is very accurate and updated. It is so because it has all the properties of accuracy, completeness and updated. Since, it is arranged geographically, its stratification is very simple, if survey is to be conducted in any geographical area of the nation. In case some survey is to be conducted, then its the best time to take a sample and conduct a survey because the data is fresh and so, the research done will be very accurate and bring accurate results.Multiple frames: Till n ow, we have discussed many sampling frames, which are used on target population for various purposes. Sometimes, we can use them in combination, usually two of them or it can be more than two also. Typical dual frame in household surveys: Just to make it simple and easy to understand, we will discuss it by the principals of multi frame designs. In this, the area population of general frame is combined with the list frame of individuals who are part of the target population on which survey is done. For instance, in an unemployment survey, which is based on an area frame of households along with the list frame that contains people who are currently unemployed and have registered their names in ministry (The Regents of the University of Michigan, 2010). According to me, to get a sample for clean edge razor, our company should go to area frames because then we will have the list of males and females of all the parts of the area where we want to release our product. Then, we can take out the list of males from it. Also, this is based on different areas and our product is for fastidious groomers which look for superior products. So, if they look for such products means they can afford it and so, the areas which are expensive to live can be targeted. The list of areas that can be taken from area frames. Task 2Main Sampling approaches can be classified into one of the two categories:à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ § Probability Sampling: Many times when we are short of time and money to work on everything in the target population, we randomly select some to work on. The selection may vary on the number of total population or some other factors. The selection can be a name from the draw, particular numbers, etc. So, any of such selection methods which are based on selecting randomly is called a probability sampling. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ § Non-probability Sampling: As the name suggests, we are not relying on probability to get the sample from the research population. That means we are not selec ting randomly unlike the probability sampling method. So, there can be a possibility that a non probability sample may not properly represent a population for which we are quite sure in probability sampling. Also, we are not able to understand in this that how well we have gathered results by testing this sample because it may or may not represent it properly. Most of the time if possible, researchers go for probability sampling, but sometimes due to lack of time, money or some other resources, it is not feasible to go for probability sampling (The Pennsylvania State University, 2016). Then, the researchers go for this sampling. It can be sub divided into two categories: purposive and accidental. In our case, we should go for probability sampling, since we cannot target everyone in a population which will take lots of time and money. It covers a lot of area of UK, so after taking samples from an area frame of the target customers, we can do probability sampling on it. Also, we canno t wait so much inorder to test each and everyone since we have deadlines to meet and release this product. We will select some people randomly and test them. It has many types like simple random sampling, cluster sampling, stratified and systematic (Polit Hungler, 2015). Probability SamplingIn probability sampling, it take some random selection to do the survey. Since we are taking a random selection, so there has to be some assurance or methods by which we should get an equal probability of different parameters to be chosen. In this approach, we can know that which sampling units are from which sample and can be assured that each of them are considered. The following sampling methods are examples of probability sampling:1. Simple Random Sampling (SRS): This one is the easiest of all the samples methods and easy to understand and do. Other methods are basically based on it, but with some variations. In this method, a researcher takes elements from the sampling frame randomly. It is based on the probability theory according to which all the elements will have a chance to express in this way. The elements are to be numbered first and a list is made. Then, the researcher will select the numbers which are in mathematical order randomly. He can use some table numbers or many statistical books have numbers available. There are many computer programs available that can generate a random list.There is no guarantee that every sample made from it will be perfect to show the population. But, we can infer that the sample represented will be close to target population and we can find out the probability of it. 2. Cluster Sampling: In this kind of sampling, the elements which are heterogeneous in nature as per the characteristics of group are taken. This will make a cluster of heterogenous elements and the homogeneous elements get clustered in other groups. In this way, clusters or groups are formed with similar characteristics. The main benefit of this sampling is that it is not very expensive. So, this sampling is different from another in a way that we are not choosing randomly from a population but making clusters first. Once these clusters are made, then sampling can be done from these clusters and then the test can be done to the individuals taken from these clusters. It helps in two ways: the cost is not high and so, it is more economical and in case of a dispersed population, if the researcher is not having an appropriate sampling frame, then this sampling helps a lot (Jewel, 2012). 3. Stratified Sampling: In case the target population on which the research is being conducted is heterogenous, then random selection will not produce an appropriate sample to test. Something may come in excess and some elements may lag behind and so, the theorem of probability will not work on this. In such cases, we have to do the stratification of the target population so as to make it homogenous and then to take out a sample of it by random sampling. So, from each mini stratums that are made in the target population are used to take a sub sample, out of which a final sample is drawn out (Gulf War Veterans, 2012). This sampling helps to increase efficiency and adequate appropriate data because we are making sub populations before taking final sample. 4. Systematic Sampling : Systematic sampling provides a shortcut for selecting randomly and so requires less time. First of all, we have to number all the elements in the sample. The researcher will not use a list in which they have selected random numbers, but instead of that, researcher will decide a interval for sampling. For example 1, element in x where x will be the interval number (Turner, 2003). This way systematically, he can select a sample from a frame. It is also easy for doing calculations on it later. Out of the methods mentioned above, I think we should go for stratified sampling due to following reasons: -1. Stratified sampling is more efficient than the other probability sam pling methods. Since, it makes different stratums which are homogenous among themselves in a group and differences with other groups. In our case also, not all males can afford the product or some may look for a particular thing in skin care or some may alter. So, to know the needs of different groups and then taking sample will bring more accurate results. It gives a big improvement in efficiency of sampling. 2. It gives a surety that the data of the sample is accurate because the criteria that we used to get it is very reliable. 3. Also, its feasible when the analyser wishes to study more qualities of a particular populations or subgroups. Therefore, if one wishes to conclude about activities in the different context of student body, stratified sampling will be in use4. Also, it is used wherein different methods of data collection are applied in different parts of the population. This can be significantly found when we actually survey different organizations employees using one me thod, but use a unique approach with employees distributed over the entire countryTo implement this plan, firstly we will take a household list of area that we need to target first. That will become our area frame which we will use for all our further sampling procedures. Then, we will take out the list of males from that list since they are only end users of our product. Now, we will do probability sampling on it, because the area is so large that we cannot go to each and everyone to test them. In probability sampling, we will do stratified sampling because Stratified sampling is more efficient than the other probability sampling methods. Since, it makes different stratums which are homogenous among themselves in a group and differences with other groups. In our case also, not all males can afford the product or some may look for a particular thing in skin care or some may alter. So, to know the needs of different groups and then taking sample will bring more accurate results. It g ives a big improvement in efficiency of sampling. It gives a surety that the data of the sample is accurate because the criteria that we used to get it is very reliable and also its feasible when the analyzer wishes to study more qualities of a particular population or subgroups (StatPac Inc., 2014). Therefore, if one wishes to conclude about activities in the different context of the student body, stratified sampling will be in use. It is used wherein different methods of data collection are applied in different parts of the population. This can be significantly found when we actually survey different organizations employees using one method, but use a unique approach with employees distributed over the entire countryThen a survey will be conducted on the sample of the target population which will test them on all our queries regarding its market, response, launch. Also, we will come to know the preferences of people, which will eventually help us to finalize that how we should do its branding. Accordingly, we can speak to advertize companies to prepare its various print and video advertisements before launch. Basically, we will test people as to what are the main qualities that they look for when it comes to superior skin care razor that they are not getting from currently available razors in the market. Since we are making different groups while doing stratification sampling, so the results can be different from its strata of people, which we need to collate and take similarities out of them. Then form the data, research will be conducted on it to gather relevant information from the raw data as per the requirements. In this way, sampling will help us a lot to get relevant information required to launch a new product in our target population. Bibliography Boyd, N., 2015. What is Sampling in Research?. What is Sampling in Research? - Definition, Methods Importance. Buskirk, T., 2016. Target Population and Sampling Frame in Survey Sampling. Target Population and Sampling Frame in Survey Sampling, 21 January. Gulf War Veterans, 2012. Definition of the sampling frame and sample, Available at: https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1018z12/MR1018.12.appb.pdfJewel, 2012. Sample designs and sample procedures. Sample designs and sample procedures, 14 July. Kruse, J., 2009. Sample Frames. Sample Frames, Available at: https://www.iser.uaa.alaska.edu/Projects/living_conditions/sample_frames.htmPolit Hungler, 2015. POPULATIONS AND SAMPLING. POPULATIONS AND SAMPLING, Available at: https://www.umsl.edu/~lindquists/sample.html Royal Geographical Society, 2016. Sampling techniques. Sampling techniques, Available at: https://www.rgs.org/OurWork/Schools/Fieldwork+and+local+learning/Fieldwork+techniques/Sampling+techniques.htmS tatPac Inc., 2014. Survey Sampling Methods. Survey Sampling Methods, Available at: https://www.statpac.com/surveys/sampling.htmThe Pennsylvania State University, 2016. Simple Random Sampling and Other Sampling Methods. Simple Random Sampling and Other Sampling Methods. The Regents of the University of Michigan, 2010. Sampling Frameworks. Sampling Frameworks. Turner, A. G., 2003. Sampling frames and master samples: UNITED NATIONS SECRETARIAT, Available at: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/meetings/egm/sampling_1203/docs/no_3.pdf